Erythrocyte membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa) levels in a sample of patients with schizophrenia and relation with clinical and progression variables

Abstract

Introduction. Previous studies have shown that erythrocyte cell membranes in patients with schizophrenia contain considerably less omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), reflecting the lower levels present in neuronal and central nervous system membranes. This phenomenon, linked to genetic, metabolic, or dietary factors, has been associated with the development of schizophrenia and the risk of developing and the severity of metabolic syndrome.

Methods. This study is an observational study conducted in a sample of 31 patients with schizophrenia treated at the Mataró Mental Health Center (Barcelona). Its aim was to relate the erythrocyte levels of omega 3 with the clinical severity of schizophrenia and dietary habits. EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and other membrane lipid levels were determined, as well as psychopathology, cognitive, and social functioning measures, previous evolution, and finally a survey of dietary habits.

Results. Our results did not show a statistically significant correlation between erythrocyte omega-3 levels and psychopathological and clinical severity variables. Higher, statistically significant, levels were found in the group of women and in subjects with more days of admission to the day hospital. In contrast, lower values were obtained in subjects treated with long-acting antipsychotics and in sunflower oil consumers.

Conclusions. Despite not being able to demonstrate our working hypothesis, significant correlations were found that were consistent with published findings in the current literature. The need for studies with larger samples and groups of healthy controls is postulated.